Reading: The importance of children’s play

Questions 1-8

Complete the notes below

Choose ONE WORD ONLY from the section 1 passage for each answer:

Write your answers in boxes 1-8.

Children’s play

Uses of children’s play

·     building a ‘magical kingdom’ may help develop (1)
·     board games involve (2) and turn-taking.

Recent changes affecting children’s play

·    populations of (3) have grown
·    opportunities for free play are limited due to:

– fear of (4)  
– fear of (5)
– increased (6)  in schools

International policies on children’s play:

·     it is difficult to find (7) to support new policies.
·     research needs to study the impact of play on the rest of the child’s (8)

Questions 9-13

Do the following statements agree with the information given on the reading passage?

In boxes 9-13 on your answer sheet, write

TRUE    if the statement agrees with the information
FALSE   if the statement contradicts the information
NOT GIVEN   if there is no information on this

9.  Children with good self-control are known to be likely to do well at school later on.
10.  The way a child plays may provide information about possible medical problems.
11.  Playing with dolls was found to benefit girls’ writing more than boys’ writing.
12.  Children had problems thinking up ideas when they first created the story with Lego.
13.  People nowadays regard children’s play as less significant than they did in the past.

SECTION 2: QUESTIONS 14-26

Questions 14–18

The section 2 passage has seven paragraphs, A-G.  Which paragraph contains the following information?

Write the correct letter, A-G, in 14-18.

 NB You may use any letter more than once.

14.  a description of how people misused a bike-sharing scheme
15.  an explanation of why a proposed bike-sharing scheme was turned down
16.  a reference to a person being unable to profit from their work
17.  an explanation of the potential savings a bike-sharing scheme would bring
18.  a reference to the problems a bike-sharing scheme was intended to solve

Complete the summary below. Choose ONE WORD ONLY from the passage for each answer.

Write your answers in boxes 23-26.

The first urban bike-sharing scheme

The first bike-sharing scheme was the idea of the Dutch group Provo. The people who belonged to this group were (23) . They were concerned about damage to the environment and about (24) , and believed that the bike-sharing scheme would draw attention to these issues. As well as painting some bikes white, they handed out (25)  that condemned the use of cars.

However, the scheme was not a great success: almost as quickly as Provo left the bikes around the city, the (26)  took them away. According to Schimmelpennink, the scheme was intended to be symbolic. The idea was to get people thinking about the issues.

Questions 27-31

Look at the following statements (Questions 27-31) and the list of researchers below.
Match each statement with the correct researcher, A-F.

Write the correct letter, A-F, in boxes 27-31 on your answer sheet.

NB  You may use any letter more than once.

27.   Hotel managers need to know what would encourage good staff to remain.

28.   The actions of managers may make staff feel they shouldn’t move to a different employer.

29.   Little is done in the hospitality industry to help workers improve their skills.

30.   Staff are less likely to change jobs if cooperation is encouraged.

31.   Dissatisfaction with pay is not the only reason why hospitality workers change jobs.

List of Researchers

A   Pfeffer
B   Lucas
C   Maroudas et al.
D   Ng and Sorensen
E   Enz and Siguaw
F   Deery

Questions 32-35

Do the following statements agree with the claims of the writer in Reading Passage 3?
In boxes 32-35 on your answer sheet, write:

YES                  if the statement agrees with the claims of the writer

NO                   if the statement contradicts the claims of the writer

NOT GIVEN    if it is impossible to say what the writer thinks about this

32.   One reason for high staff turnover in the hospitality industry is poor morale.

33.   Research has shown that staff have a tendency to dislike their workplace.

34.   An improvement in working conditions and job security makes staff satisfied with their jobs.

35.   Staff should be allowed to choose when they take breaks during the working day.

Questions 36-40

Complete the summary below.
Choose ONE WORD ONLY from the passage for each answer.

Write your answers in boxes 36-40.

Fun at work

Tews, Michel and Stafford carried out research on staff in an American chain of (36) . They discovered that activities designed for staff to have fun improved their (37) , and that management involvement led to lower staff (38) . They also found that the activities needed to fit with both the company’s 39 and the (40) . Of the staff. A balance was required between a degree of freedom and maintaining work standards.